Lunar Infrastructure Development: Power, Habitats, Mobility, and In-Situ Resource Utilization

The establishment of sustainable human presence on the Moon requires the development of robust and adaptive infrastructure capable of supporting scientific, industrial, and long-term habitation activities. This review examines the current state and prospects of lunar infrastructure systems, encompassing power generation and storage, habitat construction, in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), transportation networks, life-support systems, and communication architectures. Emphasis is placed on the integration of local resources such as regolith and solar energy to minimize Earth dependence, alongside innovative technologies like additive manufacturing, autonomous robotics, and modular construction. Significant infrastructure is required to establish a long-term presence of humans on the lunar surface.